墨西哥湾南部晚侏罗纪主力烃源岩的形成条件   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

龚建明  文丽  李慧君  王文娟  杨传胜 《海洋地质前沿》2010,26(3)

通过对墨西哥湾不同时代可采储量的分布特征和油源对比资料的分析认为,晚侏罗纪烃源岩是墨西哥湾南部最主要的烃源岩。资料显示,晚侏罗纪优质烃源岩形成的主控因素是稳定的构造和沉积条件以及超咸的还原环境,其中,"世界顶级"的晚侏罗纪提塘阶烃源岩主要形成于超咸的碳酸盐岩和/或蒸发岩沉积环境,属半深海还原环境,有机质以藻类为主,推测烃源岩中的有机质可能与极端干旱气候条件下的藻类勃发有关。  相似文献   

Sulfide‐bearing palaeokarst deposits at Lune River Quarry,Ida Bay,Tasmania     

R. A. L. Osborne  I. B. Cooper 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3):409-416

The Lune River Quarry at Ida Bay, Tasmania exposes numerous palaeokarst features developed in the Ordovician Gordon Limestone. These palaeokarst features contain carbonate and siliciclastic deposits probably representing Late Devonian to early Late Carboniferous and Late Carboniferous karstification and sedimentation. Five facies of palaeokarst deposits are recognised, namely megabreccia, graded‐bedded carbonate, laminated sandstone/siltstone, diamictite/quartz‐lithic sandstone and coarse crystalline calcite. Pyrite, dolomite and sphalerite were emplaced in the palaeokarst deposits after the Carboniferous. These deposits are probably associated with a phase of hydrothermal cave development in Exit Cave, which adjoins the quarry. Pyrite weathering accounts for the abundance of gypsum speleothems and cave breakdown in Exit Cave.  相似文献   

加强目标观测,服务防灾减灾   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

穆穆  秦晓昊  周菲凡  陈博宇 《成都信息工程学院学报》2012,27(1):20-26

以深入浅出的方式介绍了目标观测的定义、历史、确定目标观测敏感区的方法,以及实施目标观测与防灾减灾的关系;并以欧洲中期天气预报中心目标观测业务化为例,简明地概括了目标观测的实施过程;结合国内目标观测研究现状,对中国目标观测的未来提出了看法。  相似文献   

铁还原地下水环境中微生物降解苯和甲苯的碳源 专一性分析     

陈亮  刘菲  刘玉龙  董洪忠 《地学前缘》2010,17(6):47-51

文中研究在粒状铁化学还原三氯乙烯渗透反应格栅和生物降解苯和甲苯渗透反应格栅的联合格栅技术中,下游生物降解格栅中铁还原环境下微生物对苯和甲苯的生物降解。通过模拟粒状铁渗透反应格栅下游铁还原环境,主要研究微生物以苯、甲苯作为碳源时,对碳源的专一性。通过批实验发现,对于分别用苯和甲苯培养驯化的微生物,互换碳源后,微生物对2 000.00μg/L苯和甲苯的生物降解半衰期分别由之前的1.0和1.5 d减少到0.7和1.0 d,互换碳源后苯和甲苯的去除率分别增加38%和32%。在粒状铁渗透反应格栅下游生物降解渗透反应格栅中,微生物在铁还原环境下以苯、甲苯作为碳源时对碳源没有专一性,苯和甲苯可以同时被生物降解去除。  相似文献   

基于应急基础数据库的城市防震减灾能力评价指标研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

何萍  陈晓发  傅冠华 《华南地震》2010,30(2):36-45

城市防震减灾能力是一个涉及因素众多的复杂体系,对它的评估也是涉及到地震科学、社会科学和经济科学的交叉学科问题。对城市承受地震灾害能力进行科学合理的评估并有针对性的加强其薄弱环节是减轻城市地震灾害的有效方法之一。在已有的防震减灾能力评价体系研究的基础上,利用现有的地震应急基础数据库数据项,提出一个简化的城市防震减灾能力指标体系,快速评估城市的防震减灾能力。  相似文献   

铼-锇同位素体系定年研究综述          下载免费PDF全文

覃曼  周瑶琪  刘加召  刘美晨 《地质找矿论丛》2017,32(3):421-427

铼-锇(Re-Os)同位素体系以其特殊的地球化学性质为确定岩石的形成时间、演化过程及其地球动力学背景提供了重要参数。随着测试技术和超净化实验室的发展,Re-Os同位素的应用领域不断扩大,测试对象种类也随之扩展。然而,不同测试对象的Re-Os同位素赋存形式、活动特征及其体系封闭性有所差异。文章总结了以辉钼矿、普通硫化物、地幔橄榄岩包体、富有机质沉积岩以及灰岩作为Re-Os同位素体系定年对象的基本原理和研究进展,并对存在问题进行简要地评述,最后对其未来的发展方向作了展望,以期推动Re-Os同位素体系在地质科学中的研究和应用。  相似文献   

Mineralogical characteristics of polymetallic sulfides from the Deyin-1 hydrothermal field near 15°S,southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王淑杰  李怀明  翟世奎  于增慧  邵宗泽  蔡宗伟 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(2):22-34

A seafloor hydrothermal field, named Deyin-1 later, near 15°S southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge(SMAR) was newly found during the 22 nd cruise carried out by the China Ocean Mineral Resources Research Development Association(COMRA). Sulfide samples were collected at three stations from the hydrothermal field during the26 th cruise in 2012. In this paper, mineralogical characteristics of the sulfides were analyzed with optical microscope, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and electron microprobe to study the crystallization sequence of minerals and the process of hydrothermal mineralization. According to the difference of the ore-forming metal elements, the sulfide samples can be divided into three types:(1) the Ferich sulfide, which contains mainly pyrite and chalcopyrite;(2) the Fe-Cu-rich sulfide consisting predominantly of pyrite, chalcopyrite and isocubanite, with lesser amount of sphalerite, marmatite and pyrrhotine; and(3) the Fe-Zn-rich sulfide dominated by pyrite, sphalerite and marmatite, with variable amounts of chalcopyrite, isocubanite, pyrrhotine, marcasite, galena and gratonite. Mineral precipitations in these sulfides are in the sequence of chalcopyrite(isocubanite and possible coarse pyrite), fine pyrite,sphalerite(marmatite), galena, gratonite and then the minerals out of the dissolution. Two morphologically distinct generations(Py-I and Py-II) of pyrite are identified in each of the samples; inclusions of marmatite tend to exist in the coarse pyrite crystals(Py-I). Sphalerite in the Fe-Zn-rich sulfide is characterized by a"chalcopyrite disease" phenomenon. Mineral paragenetic relationships and a wide range of chemical compositions suggest that the environment of hydrothermal mineralization was largely changing. By comparison, the Fe-rich sulfide was formed in a relatively stable environment with a high temperature, but the conditions for the formation of the Fe-Cu-rich sulfide were variable. The Fe-Zn-rich sulfide was precipitated during the hydrothermal venting at relatively low temperature.  相似文献   

内蒙古白乃庙铜-金-钼矿床成矿机制——来自流体包裹体和He-Ar同位素的证据   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

周振华  车合伟  欧阳荷根  马星华 《地质学报》2017,91(3):542-560

白乃庙铜-金-钼矿是华北板块北缘中段一个重要矿床,其矿化特征既显示斑岩型蚀变特征,同时又表现出明显的后期造山作用改造的特点。本次研究通过系统的流体包裹体显微测温、激光拉曼和气液相色谱分析揭示其成矿流体为中—低温、中低盐度的CO_2(CO)-H_2O-CH_4(C_2H_2+C_2H_4)-NaCl-CaCl_2体系,流体混合作用和CO_2逃逸为成矿主要因素。富还原性流体的存在可能促使气相流体携带大量的Cu、Au等成矿元素迁移至较远点的白乃庙群地层,沿着片理或裂隙沉淀成矿。对不同成矿阶段矿石中黄铁矿的He-Ar同位素组成测试结果显示白乃庙矿床黄铁矿流体包裹体的~3He/~4He比值在0.06~0.71Ra之间,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar比值为375.5~1436.3,指示成矿体系由不同性质和组成的两个端元流体混合而成,即混入了类似于MORB型地幔端元的高温高盐度流体和富含地壳放射成因氦但具有空气氩同位素组成特征的低温大气降水。白乃庙矿床属受后期造山作用改造的斑岩型铜-金-钼矿床,形成于古亚洲洋板块持续向南俯冲背景。  相似文献   

Insights into the extreme PGE enrichment of the W Horizon,Marathon Cu-Pd deposit,Coldwell Alkaline Complex,Canada: Platinum-group mineralogy,compositions and genetic implications     

《Ore Geology Reviews》2017

The W Horizon, Marathon Cu-Pd deposit in the Mesoproterozoic Midcontinent rift is one of the highest grade PGE repositories in magmatic ore deposits world-wide. The textural relationships and compositions of diverse platinum-group mineral (PGM) and sulfide assemblages in the extremely enriched ores (>100 ppm Pd-Pt-Au over 2 m) of the W Horizon have been investigated in mineral concentrates with ∼10,000 PGM grains and in situ using scanning electron microprobe and microprobe analyses.Here we show, from ore samples with concentrations up to 23.1 Pd ppm, 8.9 Pt ppm, 1.4 Au ppm and 0.73 Rh ppm, the diversity of minerals (n = 52) including several significant unknown minerals and three new mineral species marathonite (Pd₂₅Ge₉; McDonald et al., 2016), palladogermanide (Pd₂Ge; IMA 2016-086, McDonald et al., 2017), kravtsovite (PdAg₂S, IMA No 2016-092, Vymazalová et al., 2017). The PGM are distributed as PG-, sulfides (52 vol%), -arsenides (34 vol%), -intermetallics of Au-Ag-Pd-Cu and Pd-Ge(10 vol%) and -bismuthides and tellurides (4 vol%). The discovery of abundant (>330 grains) large unknown sulfide minerals with Rh allows us to present analyses three significant potentially new minerals (WUK-1, WUK-2, WUK-3) that are all clearly enriched in Rh (averaging 4.2, 8.5 and 28.21 wt% Rh respectively). Several examples of paragenetic sequences and mineral chemical changes for enrichment of Cu, Pd and Rh with time are revealed in the PGM and base-metal sulfides. We suggest this enhanced metal enrichment formed in response to increasing fO₂ causing the oxidation of Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺ and to a lesser extent, S.Phase relations in the Ag-Pd-S, Rh-Ni-Fe-S, Pd-Ge, Au-Pd-Cu-Ag, Pd-Ag-Te systems help constrain the crystallization temperatures of the majority of ore minerals in the W Horizon at ∼500 °C or moderate to high subsolidus temperatures (400–600 °C). Local transport by aqueous fluids becomes evident as minerals recrystallize down to <300 °C. The PGE-enriched W Horizon ores exhibit a complex post-magmatic history dominated by the effects of oxidation during cooling of a Cu-PGE enriched magma source from a deep reservoir.  相似文献   

塔里木河下游不同生活型植被对地表的防护效果   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

程皓  李霞  马兰菊  刘刚 《干旱区地理》2008,31(3):373-378

在干旱区植被生态建设过程中,需要进行决策并经常引起争论的问题是,究竟应该选择哪种生活型植被才能获得最大的防护效果.为比较不同生活型植被对地表防护效果的差异,本文选取塔里木河下游6种常见乔灌草植被,以降低风速百分比的平均值作为植被对地表防护效果的评价指标,对不同生活型植被对地表防护效果进行定量比较.结果表明:上述6种植被防风性能大小次序依次为:花花柴>罗布麻>骆驼刺>柽柳>盐穗木>胡杨.花花柴对地表防护效果最好,降低地表风速百分比的平均值达44.00%,胡杨对地表防护效果最差,降低地表风速百分比平均值13.21%.就乔、灌、草不同生活型植被而言,防护效果大小次序为:多年生草本>灌木>乔木.因此,从生态防护效应角度来说,在干旱区植被生态建设中,应坚持灌、草先行的原则,乔木植被只能在水分条件较优越的地区适度发展.只有这样才能充分利用有限的水资源, 取得最佳的生态防护效应.  相似文献